Invitrogen™ CTLA-4 (Soluble) Human ELISA Kit

The Invitrogen™ CTLA-4 (Soluble) Human ELISA Kit provides a precise and sensitive method for quantifying soluble CTLA-4 (CD152) in human serum, plasma, amniotic fluid, or cell culture supernatants. Designed for research applications, this sandwich ELISA kit offers insights into immune regulation and the role of CTLA-4 in various biological processes.

Key Features

1. High Sensitivity and Range:
   • Analytical Sensitivity: 0.13 ng/mL.
   • Assay Range: 0.16–10.0 ng/mL.
   • Accurately measures both natural and recombinant human CTLA-4.
2. Versatile Sample Compatibility:
   • Sample types: Amniotic fluid, serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants.
   • Low volume requirement: 10 µL per sample.
3. Efficient Workflow:
   • Hands-on Time: 1 hour 20 minutes.
   • Total Time-to-Result: 3 hours 10 minutes.
   • Not homogenous; includes washing steps.
4. Reproducibility:
   • Intraassay CV: 4.8%.
   • Interassay CV: 10.4%.
5. Detection Method:
   • Instrument: Colorimetric Microplate Reader.
   • Detection System: Biotinylated antibody with HRP-based chromogenic detection.
6. Convenient Components:
   • Includes pre-coated 96-well plate, standards, controls, buffers, and adhesive plate covers.
   • Simplifies setup and reduces preparation time.
7. Storage and Stability:
   • Store at 2–8°C for long-term reagent stability.
   • Shipped on wet ice to maintain integrity during transit.

Principle of the Assay

This solid-phase sandwich ELISA uses:

1. A pre-coated capture antibody specific to CTLA-4 immobilized in microplate wells.
2. Samples, standards, or controls added to bind CTLA-4 to the capture antibody.
3. A biotinylated detection antibody forms a sandwich with the bound CTLA-4.
4. Streptavidin-HRP reacts with a substrate to generate a measurable colorimetric signal.
5. Signal intensity correlates to CTLA-4 concentration in the sample.

Target Information

• Protein Name: Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4/CD152).
• Function:
  • Immune Regulation: CTLA-4 is a receptor that inhibits T-cell activity by binding ligands CD80 and CD86 on antigen-presenting cells.
  • Regulatory T Cell Role: Intracellular CTLA-4 is critical for maintaining immune tolerance.
  • Plays a role in autoimmune diseases, immune evasion in cancer, and therapeutic modulation of T-cell activity.

Applications in Research

1. Immunology Research:
   • Study the role of CTLA-4 in immune suppression and immune checkpoint regulation.
   • Investigate interactions with CD80/CD86 ligands.
2. Cancer Immunology:
   • Analyze soluble CTLA-4 levels in cancer as a potential biomarker for immune evasion.
   • Explore therapeutic strategies involving CTLA-4 inhibitors.
3. Autoimmune Disease Studies:
   • Examine CTLA-4 expression in diseases such as diabetes, celiac disease, and lupus.
4. Transplantation Research:
   • Investigate soluble CTLA-4's role in preventing graft rejection.
5. Pregnancy and Fetal Development:
   • Evaluate CTLA-4 levels in amniotic fluid and their potential role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance.

Kit Components

1. Pre-coated 96-Well Plate: Immobilized capture antibody specific to CTLA-4.
2. Standards: Pre-diluted for generating a standard curve.
3. Buffers and Reagents:
   • Assay Buffer Concentrate.
   • Sample Diluent.
   • Wash Buffer.
   • Biotinylated Detection Antibody.
   • Streptavidin-HRP (SAV-HRP).
   • Chromogen Substrate.
   • Stop Solution.
4. Controls: For quality assurance.
5. Adhesive Plate Covers: Minimize contamination and evaporation during incubation.

Product Specifications

The Invitrogen™ CTLA-4 (Soluble) Human ELISA Kit is an indispensable tool for studying immune regulation, cancer immunology, and autoimmune diseases. Its high sensitivity, low sample volume requirement, and comprehensive components make it ideal for advanced research in immunotherapy, biomarker discovery, and immune checkpoint studies.

References in Literature

1. Immune Regulation Studies:
   • Study: "T Regulatory Cell Frequency During Maintenance Phase Chemotherapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia."
   • Application: Plasma CTLA-4 levels in immune modulation.
   • Published in: Iranian Journal of Immunology (2020).
2. Sepsis Research:
   • Study: "Soluble B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Correlates to Disease Severity in Sepsis."
   • Application: CTLA-4 as a severity biomarker.
   • Published in: PloS One (2017).