Apollo Sci. Murashige and skoog basal mixture

Murashige and Skoog (MS) Basal Medium is one of the most widely recognized and used formulations in plant tissue culture. Developed in 1962 by Toshio Murashige and Folke Skoog, it provides a balanced combination of macro- and micronutrients, along with vitamins, to support callus induction, plant regeneration, shoot multiplication, and other in vitro plant tissue culture applications.

Apollo Scientific’s MS Basal Mixture is available in a convenient powdered format that can be easily reconstituted to the desired volume. This formulation does not include sucrose, agar, or plant growth regulators, allowing researchers to customize the medium to suit specific plant species and experimental protocols.

Key Features

✅ Standard MS 1962 formula with optimized levels of nitrate and essential nutrients

✅ High macronutrient concentration, especially nitrogen and potassium, to support rapid plant cell growth

✅ Flexible and customizable: Add your own carbon source (e.g., sucrose), gelling agent (e.g., agar), and plant hormones (e.g., auxins, cytokinins)

✅ Available in multiple pack sizes for scalable use in academic, industrial, and commercial laboratories

✅ Compatible with a wide range of plant species, from model organisms to economically important crops

Applications

🌱 Plant Micropropagation

• Ideal basal medium for mass propagation of plantlets from nodal explants or meristem cultures

🔬 Callus Induction & Somatic Embryogenesis

• Often used with auxins (IAA, 2,4-D) and cytokinins (Kinetin, BAP) to induce dedifferentiation of plant tissues

🧬 Plant Transformation & Genetic Engineering

• Used in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistics, and regeneration protocols

🧫 In Vitro Rooting & Shoot Elongation

• Supports healthy root system development and shoot multiplication when combined with appropriate hormones

🌾 Seed Germination & Tissue Culture Training

• Frequently used in education and research for seedling growth and protocol development

Composition (based on MS 1962 formula)

• Macronutrients: NH₄NO₃, KNO₃, CaCl₂·2H₂O, MgSO₄·7H₂O, KH₂PO₄
• Micronutrients: H₃BO₃, MnSO₄·H₂O, ZnSO₄·7H₂O, KI, Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, CuSO₄·5H₂O, CoCl₂·6H₂O
• Vitamins: Thiamine HCl, Nicotinic acid, Pyridoxine HCl, Glycine
• Iron Source: FeSO₄·7H₂O and Na₂EDTA

Does not contain sucrose, agar, or hormones. These should be added depending on the desired culture application.

Preparation Instructions

1. Dissolve contents of one pack in distilled or deionized water to desired final volume.
2. Add 30 g/L sucrose (typical) and 7–8 g/L agar if preparing solid media.
3. Adjust pH to 5.7–5.8.
4. Autoclave at 121°C for 15–20 minutes.
5. Cool and dispense into sterile containers or Petri dishes for culture initiation.

Ordering Information

For research and laboratory use only. Not intended for human or animal consumption.