Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 99.07%

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Specifications:

Application	Protein Biology, cell Signalling
Storage Temperature	-20°C
Product Type	Biochemical Reagent	Forms	Powder
Product Brand	MedChem Express
Product Grade	Analytical grade	Formula	C₃₆H₅₆O₈

Overview
Resource

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), also known as phorbol myristate acetate, is a potent phorbol ester widely used in biomedical research as a dual activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and sphingosine kinase (SphK). It is also a well-established activator of the NF-κB signaling pathway. PMA plays a critical role in inducing monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, regulating inflammatory responses, and studying various intracellular signal transduction cascades.

This compound is supplied by MedChemExpress (MCE) with ≥99.80% purity and is validated for both in vitro and in vivo applications, including cellular assays, immune cell modeling, and inflammation induction.

Biological Activities

PKC Activation: PMA exhibits strong PKC activation with an EC50 of 11.7 nM, regulating multiple downstream pathways.
NF-κB Pathway Activation: Induces translocation and transcriptional activation of NF-κB.
THP-1 Cell Differentiation: Promotes differentiation of THP-1 and U937 monocytes into macrophage-like cells with increased CD11b expression.
Inhibition of Cell Migration: Suppresses endothelial cell migration via PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated Thy-1 upregulation.
Antiviral Activity: Demonstrates antiviral effects against HIV-1, HIV-2, chikungunya virus, and Sindbis virus in MT4 and Vero cell lines.

In Vivo Applications

PMA is widely used to establish mouse and rat models of inflammation, particularly ear edema, through PKC and PLA2-mediated mechanisms. It allows assessment of anti-inflammatory drug efficacy in acute models.

Product Specifications

Parameter	Description
Product Name	Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
Catalog Number	HY-18739
CAS Number	16561-29-8
Molecular Formula	C₃₆H₅₆O₈
Molecular Weight	616.83 g/mol
Purity	≥99.80%
Appearance	White to off-white solid
Solubility	DMSO, Ethanol (100 mg/mL with sonication)
Storage Conditions	–20°C (solid); –80°C for stock solution
Use	For research use only; not for clinical use

Available Sizes

Size	Format
10 mM × 1 mL	in DMSO
1 mg	Solid
5 mg	Solid
10 mg	Solid
25 mg	Solid
50 mg	Solid
100 mg	Solid

Stock Solution Storage

At –80°C: stable for 6 months
At –20°C: stable for 1 month
Protect from light and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration	Solvent	Mass	Volume for 1 mg	Volume for 5 mg	Volume for 10 mg	Volume for 25 mg
1 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	1.6212 mL	8.1060 mL	16.2119 mL	40.5298 mL
5 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.3242 mL	1.6212 mL	3.2424 mL	8.1060 mL
10 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.1621 mL	0.8106 mL	1.6212 mL	4.0530 mL
15 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.1081 mL	0.5404 mL	1.0808 mL	2.7020 mL
20 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0811 mL	0.4053 mL	0.8106 mL	2.0265 mL
25 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0648 mL	0.3242 mL	0.6485 mL	1.6212 mL
30 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0540 mL	0.2702 mL	0.5404 mL	1.3510 mL
40 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0405 mL	0.2026 mL	0.4053 mL	1.0132 mL
50 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0324 mL	0.1621 mL	0.3242 mL	0.8106 mL
60 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0270 mL	0.1351 mL	0.2702 mL	0.6755 mL
80 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0203 mL	0.1013 mL	0.2026 mL	0.5066 mL
100 mM	DMSO / EtOH	1 mg	0.0162 mL	0.0811 mL	0.1621 mL	0.4053 mL

Note: Always use freshly opened DMSO or ethanol. Sonication is recommended to fully dissolve PMA. Once dissolved, aliquot the stock solution and store at recommended temperatures to prevent degradation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is an indispensable tool in signal transduction, immunology, inflammation, and antiviral research. With broad utility in both in vitro and in vivo models, PMA provides a reliable and reproducible method for activating key cellular pathways such as PKC and NF-κB. Its high purity, solubility, and defined bioactivity make it a trusted reagent in both basic research and translational studies.