Invitrogen™ CD28 Recombinant Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CD28.2)

The Invitrogen™ CD28 Recombinant Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (CD28.2) is a high-quality reagent designed to detect human CD28, a critical co-stimulatory molecule expressed on thymocytes, mature T cells, and plasma cells. This antibody is ideal for use in flow cytometry and in vitro T-cell stimulation assays, providing consistent and reliable results due to its recombinant monoclonal format. CD28 plays an essential role in T-cell activation and immune responses by binding to CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

Key Features:

1. Recombinant Antibody:
   • Produced using specific genes encoding the desired antibody, ensuring lot-to-lot consistency, superior specificity, and reduced variability.
2. Target and Specificity:
   • Recognizes human CD28, a 44 kDa homodimer expressed on most T cells and plasma cells.
3. Validated Applications:
   • Optimized for flow cytometry and in vitro T-cell functional assays.
4. Advanced Verification:
   • Verified by relative expression to confirm the antibody's binding specificity to CD28.
5. Ready-to-Use:
   • Supplied in liquid form at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, with a recommended usage of 0.025 µg per test.

Specifications:

Applications:

1. Flow Cytometry:
   • Detect CD28 expression on T cells, plasma cells, and other immune cells for phenotyping and functional studies.
2. T-cell Activation Studies:
   • Investigate CD28's role in T-cell activation and co-stimulation during immune responses.
3. Co-stimulatory Pathway Research:
   • Study the interaction of CD28 with CD80/CD86 and its effects on IL-2 production and T-cell proliferation.
4. In Vitro Functional Assays:
   • Examine CD28's involvement in T-cell cytokine production, cytotoxic activity, and receptor upregulation in co-stimulation assays.
5. Immune Regulation Studies:
   • Explore CD28-mediated immune regulation in autoimmune diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and transplant rejection.

Key Benefits:

1. Lot-to-Lot Consistency:
   • Recombinant production ensures uniformity and reliability in every batch.
2. High Specificity and Sensitivity:
   • Detects human CD28 with minimal non-specific binding, even in complex multicolor staining panels.
3. Versatility:
   • Validated for flow cytometry and functional assays, making it suitable for diverse applications.
4. Reproducibility:
   • Advanced verification confirms specific binding, ensuring consistent performance.
5. Ease of Use:
   • Supplied ready-to-use, with clear titration guidelines for optimal assay performance.

Usage Recommendations:

1. Flow Cytometry:
   • Use 0.025 µg per test in a final volume of 100 µL.
   • Stain viable cells in the lymphocyte gate for accurate analysis.
2. Functional Assays:
   • Use in T-cell activation assays to assess IL-2 production, cytokine secretion, and T-cell proliferation.
3. Sample Preparation:
   • Use appropriate isotype controls (e.g., Mouse IgG1 kappa Isotype Control, PE) to determine specificity and reduce background staining.
4. Storage and Handling:
   • Store at 4°C for short-term use and at -20°C for long-term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage and Handling:

• Store at 4°C for short-term use. For long-term storage, store at -20°C, avoiding freeze-thaw cycles.
• Protect from light to maintain antibody integrity.

Target Information:

• CD28:
  • A co-stimulatory receptor expressed on T cells, thymocytes, and plasma cells.
  • Binds to CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) on antigen-presenting cells, providing a critical second signal for T-cell activation.
  • Prevents T-cell anergy and apoptosis while enhancing IL-2 receptor expression and cytotoxicity.
  • Involved in regulating immune responses in autoimmune diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and infectious diseases.

For Research Use Only:

This product is intended for research purposes only and is not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.