Contact us 
My Experiments 
The Liofilchem® Imipenem+Cloxacillin IMI+CL Antimicrobial Susceptibility Discs are specialized tools designed for the detection of AmpC β-lactamase overproduction and carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The synergy between Imipenem (IMI) and Cloxacillin (CL) helps differentiate resistance mechanisms, specifically those caused by AmpC enzymes versus other carbapenem resistance mechanisms.
Key Features
- Combination Therapy Detection:
- Detects AmpC-mediated carbapenem resistance using the synergistic activity of Imipenem and Cloxacillin.
- Differentiation of Resistance Mechanisms:
- Helps identify resistance due to porin loss, efflux pumps, or AmpC hyperproduction.
- Global Standards Compliance:
- Designed for use according to CLSI and EUCAST guidelines.
- Ease of Use:
- Compatible with standard disc diffusion methods on Mueller-Hinton Agar.
- Enhanced Sensitivity:
- Provides accurate results for detecting low-level AmpC expression.
Applications
- Target Pathogens:
- Enterobacterales: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Serratia spp.
- Non-fermenters: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii.
- Resistance Mechanisms:
- AmpC β-lactamase overexpression.
- Porin loss or reduced permeability.
- Efflux pump-mediated resistance.
Technical Specifications
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Active Ingredients | Imipenem 10 µg, Cloxacillin 500 µg |
| Disc Content | Combination of carbapenem and β-lactamase inhibitor |
| Disc Diameter | 6 mm |
| Recommended Media | Mueller-Hinton Agar |
| Incubation Conditions | 35–37°C for 16–20 hours |
| Shelf Life | As indicated on the packaging |
| Storage Conditions | -20°C for long-term; 2–8°C for short-term |
Testing Procedure
- Sample Preparation:
- Prepare a bacterial suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland Standard.
- Inoculation:
- Spread the suspension evenly over a Mueller-Hinton Agar plate using a sterile swab.
- Disc Placement:
- Place the IMI+CL disc and a standalone Imipenem disc at least 25 mm apart on the agar surface.
- Incubation:
- Incubate at 35–37°C for 16–20 hours.
- Result Interpretation:
- Measure and compare inhibition zones around the IMI+CL disc and the standalone Imipenem disc.
Interpretation of Results
| Observation | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Zone diameter for IMI+CL > IMI alone | Synergy observed; AmpC-mediated resistance likely |
| Reduced zones for both discs | Likely porin loss or efflux pump activity |
| Normal susceptibility zones | No AmpC or other carbapenem resistance detected |
Quality Control Data
| Control Strain | Expected Results |
|---|---|
| Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922 | No zone enhancement |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 27853 | No synergy observed |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (AmpC-producing clinical isolate) | Zone diameter for IMI+CL > IMI alone |
Advantages
| Feature | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Enhanced Detection of AmpC | Reliable identification of AmpC hyperproducers. |
| Synergy Testing | Differentiates between AmpC and other resistance mechanisms. |
| Ease of Integration | Compatible with standard laboratory workflows. |
| Cost-effective | Simple and efficient method for resistance screening. |
References
- CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute): M100 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
- EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing): Breakpoints for Carbapenem Susceptibility.
- Studies on Imipenem+Cloxacillin Synergy for detecting AmpC β-lactamase in Enterobacterales.
Conclusion
The Liofilchem® Imipenem+Cloxacillin IMI+CL Antimicrobial Susceptibility Discs provide a robust method for identifying AmpC-mediated resistance in clinical microbiology. Their high sensitivity, standardized application, and compatibility with established guidelines make them an essential tool in antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
No resources are currently available for this product.
The Liofilchem® Imipenem+Cloxacillin IMI+CL Antimicrobial Susceptibility Discs are specialized tools designed for the detection of AmpC β-lactamase overproduction and carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The synergy between Imipenem (IMI) and Cloxacillin (CL) helps differentiate resistance mechanisms, specifically those caused by AmpC enzymes versus other carbapenem resistance mechanisms.
Key Features
- Combination Therapy Detection:
- Detects AmpC-mediated carbapenem resistance using the synergistic activity of Imipenem and Cloxacillin.
- Differentiation of Resistance Mechanisms:
- Helps identify resistance due to porin loss, efflux pumps, or AmpC hyperproduction.
- Global Standards Compliance:
- Designed for use according to CLSI and EUCAST guidelines.
- Ease of Use:
- Compatible with standard disc diffusion methods on Mueller-Hinton Agar.
- Enhanced Sensitivity:
- Provides accurate results for detecting low-level AmpC expression.
Applications
- Target Pathogens:
- Enterobacterales: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Serratia spp.
- Non-fermenters: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii.
- Resistance Mechanisms:
- AmpC β-lactamase overexpression.
- Porin loss or reduced permeability.
- Efflux pump-mediated resistance.
Technical Specifications
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Active Ingredients | Imipenem 10 µg, Cloxacillin 500 µg |
| Disc Content | Combination of carbapenem and β-lactamase inhibitor |
| Disc Diameter | 6 mm |
| Recommended Media | Mueller-Hinton Agar |
| Incubation Conditions | 35–37°C for 16–20 hours |
| Shelf Life | As indicated on the packaging |
| Storage Conditions | -20°C for long-term; 2–8°C for short-term |
Testing Procedure
- Sample Preparation:
- Prepare a bacterial suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland Standard.
- Inoculation:
- Spread the suspension evenly over a Mueller-Hinton Agar plate using a sterile swab.
- Disc Placement:
- Place the IMI+CL disc and a standalone Imipenem disc at least 25 mm apart on the agar surface.
- Incubation:
- Incubate at 35–37°C for 16–20 hours.
- Result Interpretation:
- Measure and compare inhibition zones around the IMI+CL disc and the standalone Imipenem disc.
Interpretation of Results
| Observation | Interpretation |
|---|---|
| Zone diameter for IMI+CL > IMI alone | Synergy observed; AmpC-mediated resistance likely |
| Reduced zones for both discs | Likely porin loss or efflux pump activity |
| Normal susceptibility zones | No AmpC or other carbapenem resistance detected |
Quality Control Data
| Control Strain | Expected Results |
|---|---|
| Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922 | No zone enhancement |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 27853 | No synergy observed |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (AmpC-producing clinical isolate) | Zone diameter for IMI+CL > IMI alone |
Advantages
| Feature | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Enhanced Detection of AmpC | Reliable identification of AmpC hyperproducers. |
| Synergy Testing | Differentiates between AmpC and other resistance mechanisms. |
| Ease of Integration | Compatible with standard laboratory workflows. |
| Cost-effective | Simple and efficient method for resistance screening. |
References
- CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute): M100 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.
- EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing): Breakpoints for Carbapenem Susceptibility.
- Studies on Imipenem+Cloxacillin Synergy for detecting AmpC β-lactamase in Enterobacterales.
Conclusion
The Liofilchem® Imipenem+Cloxacillin IMI+CL Antimicrobial Susceptibility Discs provide a robust method for identifying AmpC-mediated resistance in clinical microbiology. Their high sensitivity, standardized application, and compatibility with established guidelines make them an essential tool in antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
No resources are currently available for this product.